Direct observation and image-based simulation of three-dimensional tortuous crack evolution inside opaque materials.

We present a combined novel methodology to study the three-dimensional complex geometry of a tortuous crack and identify the essential features of the crack and its propagation inside a heterogeneous material. We find that some severe damage events occur unexpectedly below a local mode-I crack within the sample; we realize that the severe plastic zone of the local mode-I crack is shifted down by another unseen crack segment hidden behind, which is responsible for the unusual damage phenomenon observed. We also find that the crack grows fast at some locations but slowly at some other locations along the crack front; we recognize that the crack-tip fields are reduced by neighboring hidden crack segments, which accounts for the retarded propagation of some part of the crack front. The feasibility and power of the proposed methodology highlights the potential of a new way to study fracture mechanisms in real materials.